Ankur Varma, third officer on the oil tanker M/V Cotton, opened his cabin door at five minutes to midnight on July 14 to find two men pointing AK-47s at him.
“They just pushed me into the cabin with the guns in my chest and they told me to stay silent,” Varma said in a phone interview from
India. “They were threatening, they were showing the guns, pointing at us. They took everything -- everything that we had -- including clothes, toiletries, electronics.”
Porters offload goods from a foreign vessel in the sea port in Mogadishu, Somalia. Photographer: Tony Karumba/AFP/Getty Images
A Nigerian navy ship, one of three ships taking part in a joint counter-piracy patrol by the Nigerian and Benin navies, patrols the sea off the coast of Contonou. This year, piracy has spread through the region from Nigeria, where theft from ships has long been common, and ships are being attacked further offshore, according to the International Maritime Bureau. Photographer: STR/AFP via Getty Images
They also took the ship’s cargo. The Maltese-flagged vessel was carrying about 10,000 tons of
fuel oil belonging to France’s largest oil company when it was attacked by 15 pirates off the coast of Gabon in West Africa. The hijackers kept control of the tanker for seven days as they siphoned off the fuel.
While
Total SA (FP) eventually got its fuel oil back with the help of
Ghana’s navy, Varma’s story is becoming increasingly typical as Africa’s west coast replaces
Somalia as the world’s most piracy-prone area. The attacks, which are getting more frequent and more violent, threaten shipping in sub-Saharan Africa’s largest oil-producing region.
West Africa’s Gulf of
Guinea had 40 piracy attacks in the first nine months of the year, compared with 10 incidents in waters around Somalia, according to
data from the International Maritime Bureau’s Piracy Reporting Centre. As well as stealing from ships, kidnappings are on the rise. Last month, two U.S. citizens were seized from a supply ship before being released after more than two weeks.
Taking Hostages
“Initially they were interested in holding the ships, stealing the cargo, taking this ship’s crew possessions and money and leaving,” said
Roy Paul, a director at
Maritime Piracy Humanitarian Response Programme. “This year, we’ve seen an increase in taking hostages” for ransom.
Nigeria, Gabon, Ghana and other countries around the Gulf of Guinea, produce more than 3 million barrels of oil a day, or about one-third of Africa’s output, according to data compiled by BP Plc. The region’s crude, often so-called sweet grades that are refined into high-value motor fuels, is shipped to refiners in the U.S.,
Europe and
Asia. Nigeria and Equatorial Guinea are also leading liquefied natural gas exporters.
This year, piracy has spread through the region from Nigeria, where theft from ships has long been common, and ships are being attacked further offshore, according to the International Maritime Bureau. Boardings or hijacks have been reported off Togo,
Ivory Coast,
Sierra Leone and Guinea.
Warships Deployed
Piracy’s rise in West Africa has been mirrored by its decline off Somalia, where kidnappings spurred a response from shipowners and western governments. The deployment of warships and the use of armed guards have resulted in the number of incidents plunging this year.
The use of private security may be less effective in the Gulf of Guinea because the pirates are more violent, said Jan Fritz Hansen, who chairs the piracy task force at the
European Community Shipowners’ Associations.
“They are becoming more and more organized,” Hansen said in an interview. “You can’t really rely on private armed guards. It should be a more strong force from governments. The criminals down there are a bit better equipped and armed.”
International
oil companies exporting from the region are taking steps to protect ships from attack.
“We take additional precautions on all our LNG tankers for security,” Andrew Gould, chairman of U.K.-based producer
BG Group Plc (BG/), which exports all of Equatorial Guinea’s natural gas, said in an interview. “We have a procedure in place. We have warned people.”
Protect Vessels
“We are facing a difficult situation in Nigeria. We are protecting our staff there,” de la Chevardiere said. “We faced several kidnappings in Nigeria for money. We were able to solve all of them.”
West African nations made some progress on fighting piracy after agreeing on a
Code of Conduct to help protect trade and shipping, said Simon Bennett, a director at the International
Chamber of Shipping, which represents companies controlling more than 80 percent of the world’s merchant tonnage. Last month, politicians agreed to develop coordination mechanisms in 2014, the United Nations Office for West Africa
said.
The M/V Cotton’s 24 crew members were released unharmed after more than a week being held by the pirates, who claimed to be from Nigeria, Varma said. The seafarer is considering a new line of work.
Since the incident, the Cotton tanker has been renamed Sky, according to data compiled by Bloomberg.
Lloyd's
Register, UK P&I Club, and Intercargo produced a pocket guide and
checklist earlier this year for ships' officers and agents who arrange
cargoes for loading. When bulk cargoes shift, liquefy, catch fire or
explode due to poor loading procedures, the consequences can be critical
- ships could capsize, lose stability or sustain severe structural
damage. Now the pocket checklist, which follows the successful, robust
formula designed to help all involved in ship operations, is available
in Chinese.
Worldwide,
drowning is claiming and affecting millions of lives every year. To
help combat this problem the International Maritime Rescue Federation
(IMRF) and the International Lifesaving Federation (ILS) have agreed and
signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU).
The